In general terms it will be said that inference is the deduction of one thing from another.
Inference is purely and exclusively a product of our mind, because it is a evaluation carried out among those expressions of a given language, which once interrelated in an intellectual way will allow us to arrive at a logical idea. In this way, starting from the truth or falsehood that some expressions propose, we can deduce the truth or falsehood of some others.
Meanwhile, a postulate will emerge from the aforementioned procedure.
In traditional logic, popularly known as Aristotelian, because it was first formulated by the well-known Greek philosopher Aristotle, the form of inference that follows is that of the syllogism. This is a type of deductive reasoning that consists of two propositions as premises and another as a conclusion, the latter proceeding as an inference already, from the other two.
We can find three types of inference; the deduction, the deductive argument is a type that prescribes the coexistence of the premises and the conclusion, ensuring that the latter will be represented in the premises, for example: all the balloons in this bag are red, these balloons belong to this bag, therefore these balloons are red; the induction, the inductive argument admits the probable coexistence of the premises and the conclusion, guaranteeing that the latter is probably reflected in the premises, for example: the balloons are from this bag, the balloons are red, so all the balloons in this bag are red; and the abduction, the abductive type argument proposes the possible coexistence between the premises and the conclusion, ensuring that the latter is potentially represented in the aforementioned premises, for example: all the balloons in this bag are red, these balloons are red, so these balloons correspond to this bag.
