According to the official definition of the term, we can say that refutation is the act of contradicting, showing opposition or objecting to a certain argument, proposition or idea through the use of speech. In this action it is possible to resort to other propositions (both existing and new) that serve as an argumentative negation of the first case.
Refutation is one of the most important elements of the argumentative process as well as of the scientific method in which it is sought to establish true and valid theories for the study of each discipline. It is the moment in which a proposed theory is denied due to the lack of evidence to support it, as well as the existence of incorrect elements in its composition. A well-made rebuttal may sometimes not be valid as long as the arguments used for the objection are useful for such action. This is one of the characteristics of language and discourse in which the proper argumentation of certain ideas is more important than the truth itself.
When a theory, a proposition or an idea is refuted, the arguments and justifications necessary to obtain the best results must be used appropriately and thus make the refutation true and appropriate. Thus, the reasons that hold that an idea must be refuted must be properly approved and substantiated.
In order to carry out the refutation, it is used in the first instance to point out the contradictions existing in the theory. This means that in a proposition or argument there are elements that oppose each other and contradict each other, making the whole of the proposition invalid. The rebuttal can be completed with the action known as adynaton in which the impossibility of certain elements is presented because they are absurd or invalid for such use of the proposed theory.
