It is known as University to the educational establishment dedicated to higher education and research on a particular topic, which is also empowered to deliver academic degrees and professional titles.
In most of the world there are public university institutions and many others of private administration, regulated in all cases by government agencies in charge of the control of educational establishments. In most of the world, the public university system is not free, given the high costs caused by variables such as building maintenance, local laboratories and other parameters.
University is the optional educational stage, because we remember that primary and secondary education is compulsory anywhere in the world. The university, precisely, happens to the secondary stage and has the enormous responsibility of educating those who will be diagnosing or prescribing some remedy for the treatment of an illness, in the case of doctors, or dispensing justice in a court tomorrow. .
The need of man to accumulate and expand his knowledge is what promoted the creation of several universities in the different ancient civilizations, that is why the first universities date from ancient times, even before Christ, such is the case of The Academy founded by the Greek philosopher Plato in Greece in 387 BC.
But apparently the model of the modern University would have been taken from the different Arab and Persian universities that were characterized by their rigor in study, research and teaching, even many European universities, the oldest, were founded by the Arabs. The famous institution of Avicenna is still remembered, in present-day Iranian territory, perhaps the first "modern" university, although it dates from the 10th and 11th centuries.
It was in these European studies houses where the foundations of the thought that gave rise to the technological society and the industrial revolution would appear back in the 18th century. However, this golden age will last until the twentieth century when this hegemony that they knew how to achieve and flaunt in the world is taken away by the universities or colleges (as Americans like to call them).
This devaluation had a lot to do with the decline that Europe suffered after the war, which made the United States emerge as a super power from every point of view and the area of knowledge is one of the areas that grew the most thanks to the emigration of men European scientists and intellectuals who left their devastated countries in search of a better opportunity. Thanks to this it is that North Americans concentrate the best universities in the world.
However, in the first half of the 20th century, Latin American universities had a boom motivated by the training of their professionals in other parts of the world, with the contribution of knowledge later in their nations of origin. That circumstantial splendor died out in the second part of the century. In any case, there is currently a trend towards change, undoubtedly led by Brazil, since that nation is the headquarters of the most prestigious and sought-after Latin American universities in that region of the world.
Traditionally, Universities are divided into several fields and within each one of these there is another division (in faculties), shared by libraries, study rooms, among other things. Each faculty ("school", in English, such as primary or secondary school) can teach various university careers, for example, the Faculty of Education Sciences and Social Communication, is responsible for teaching these two careers. Sometimes, especially in the case of belonging to several referents in a discipline, a large number of students, or both circumstances, the same area can be divided into several chairs. Thus, the departments of Anatomy in the Faculties of Medicine usually have different bodies differentiated teachers, who share a common program and strategy.
Likewise, the impact of modernity has given rise to chairs, departments and even complete faculties based on digital resources. In addition to the less and less common one-way masterclass, new students have access to the content offered through online lectures and videos, taught by a teacher who can interact with learners at distant locations. Some institutions offer full subjects, seminars, courses or workshops with these platforms, through which students are in a position to consult teachers in the field of forums, debates, e-mail exchanges, chat rooms and other resources. It is speculated that the future of a large part of the universities is heading in this direction, given that, in addition to increasing the number of students, a significant reduction in numerous costs is achieved with cheaper courses and the possibility of greater access to knowledge .
