The Politic science is a social discipline which focuses on the theoretical and practical study of politics, of political systems, such as monarchy, oligarchy, democracy, among others, and of political behavior.
Discipline that studies politics theoretically and practically
It should be noted that it is a science that is in constant interrelation with other sciences such as: economics, history, sociology, among other.
Basically what political science does is observe various facts of political reality and then issue general principles of activity in this sense.
If we had to go back to its origins, then, we should place ourselves at the very appearance of man, since man himself is a political animal, therefore from the most remote antiquity we can find references to the subject, despite clear not exist then and as it is today, as a formal science.
Nicolás Machiavelli, pioneer and father of politics
Although there is no single position that allows us to unanimously indicate the beginning of science, many scholars of the subject point out the work of the Italian philosopher and politician Nicholas Machiavelli, in the 15th century, in the middle of the Renaissance, as its formal beginning.
Even more, his treatise on politics, The Prince, widely disseminated since the 15th century and of notable influence until today, it describes different models of state according to the origin of authority.
Likewise, it deals with defining the qualities that a prince must have in order to rule with authority.
Then, Machiavelli, would lay the fundamental stone of the formality of science, and then over the decades and centuries, political science evolved according to and thanks to the contribution of various thinkers who analyzed the fundamental changes in those times.
And at present the activity of this science is more than anything focused on the analysis of the exercise of power, the administration and management of governments, the regime of political parties and the electoral process.
Dictatorship versus democracy, one of the great topics of study of this science
In ancient times there was a close link between political power and religion, being generally concentrated and held by the same hands, although today that relationship continues to be close in many cases what has changed is the position of religion, being more a social actor who is in charge of intervening at times when society demands it as a political interlocutor, but not from the peak of power, making decisions as in the past.
The absolute monarchies that exercised totalitarian and dictatorial regimes were those that held political and religious power.
The arrival of democracy, in more recent times, allowed sovereignty to fall on the people who are the ones who have the responsibility and power to elect their political representatives through suffrage.
Democracy is without a doubt the most plural system of government that exists since it admits the diversity and plurality of colors and political opinions on the different issues that affect society.
The system of political parties that operates in democracy allows each of them to freely express their proposals so that if necessary, citizens can choose the one that best approximates their ideals.
On the opposite side will be the dictatorship, the political organization in which the authority has not been elected through the vote or by any other institutional mechanism endorsed by the regulations.
Generally they are the result of the violation of some norm that paves the access to power.
The dictatorship is sustained by a power that is exercised in fact, usually accompanied by coercion and violence against opponents and the curtailment of individual freedoms.
Now, there are many dictatorships that have come to power in a constitutional way but then turned to an exercise of authoritarian power.
State violence is the worst expression that dictatorships usually show to perpetrate power.
They do not care about the dire consequences of exercising authority in an authoritarian way and are ruthless against those who challenge their authority.
Unfortunately in the world there have been and are emblematic and very painful examples of dictatorships, such as Nazism.
