The term Novohispano is used to refer to everything proper or related to New Spain (present-day Mexico), since that is how the Republic of Mexico was called during the colonial era, immediately after the Discovery of America. Thus we find a New Hispanic literature, a New Hispanic theater, among other issues.
The Viceroyalty of New Spain It was an integral territory of the Spanish Kingdom that was established by the Spanish Crown while its American rule lasted, it was created approximately between the years 1519 and 1521 after the defeat suffered by the native peoples who resided there by the troops of the Spanish conqueror Hernan Cortes.
The first Viceroy of New Spain was Antonio de Mendoza and the capital was Mexico City.
The main value attributed to and recognized by the territory was that of being a mining center that as such it offered and meant a great source of wealth for the Spanish crown from which they recurrently used to satisfy some state expenses, the costs of wars and conquests and also to mint the currency that circulated at that time.
But in addition, the aforementioned Viceroyalty deployed widely profitable economic activities such as livestock, agriculture and commerce.
In addition to the Spanish Crown, another enormous influence on the territory was the one exerted by the Catholic Church, who not only owned enormous power that allowed her to acquire large properties but also took care of monopolizing education, health services and some other essential areas of public administration.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the political and economic institution of the Viceroyalty of New Spain began to show a prolonged decline as a result of a crisis that was further aggravated by the Spanish War of Independence.
Already by 1808 with the government of Viceroy José de Iturrigaray finished and the conspiracy of Querétaro, the Mexican war of independence was a concrete event and when it came to an end, in 1821 it caused the disintegration of the aforementioned viceroyalty and its division into various states such as Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, El Salvador and Nicaragua.
