Is named exile to the abandonment of a person from the land in which they live, meanwhile, the aforementioned item may be voluntary or forced, this last case is popularly known as expatriation and generally the reasons for it turn out to be politics. “Juan had to face a very painful exile that lasted almost two decades.”.
Abandonment, usually forced, that a person makes of their homeland for political or religious reasons
On the other hand, the term is also used to refer to the place where the exile resides as well as the time spent there. “It was during his exile that he produced most of his literary work.”.
Although it turns out to be the most common, not only people go into exile but there have also been cases of nations and exiled governments, such are the cases of Armenia, between the years 1078 and 1375 and Tibet, respectively.
The political question is undoubtedly the reason par excellence for exiles and is always associated with an exercise of totalitarian power, a dictatorship, systems in which power rests with a single person or group who exercises it in an autocratic way without mediation. restrictions or controls of other powers to its action.
On the other hand, the religious issue must also be mentioned because at some moments in history, the faith that someone professed was also subject to political persecution and led to thousands of people having to leave their homeland because they were marked by the authorities for their religious faith. that they expressed.
Save the life
The primary purpose pursued by a person who suffers persecution of some kind in his native country, for his ideology, for his religious beliefs, among other reasons, when he decides to go into exile, is to save his life, get to safety, avoid death, both death and death. own as that of his family, since normally the threat of harm extends to the entire family group. That is why it is normal to find that entire families went into exile.
One of the most recent events in history that produced huge numbers of exiles was the Second World War and what left the same.
Wars and dictatorships, causes of exiles
In time, with the Nazis and Communists in power, there was a cataract of exiles in many, many countries. In some cases, individuals who had both an active political life and an intense militancy in political parties made the decision to go into exile to save their lives, and those of their family, who were in some danger if they remained in the country that was dominated. by a political force antagonistic to his thought.
And in other situations, such was the common denominator in the Jewish community, some people had to leave their countries of origin because the community to which they belonged began to be severely persecuted by the Nazi regime, to name a generator of exiles.
One of the most famous exiles of this time was the German physicist Albert Einstein, who had to go into exile in the USA when the Nazism.
Meanwhile, another historical event much closer chronologically to our days, is the 1976 coup, which took place in the Argentine Republic, which also left a significant number of citizens of the country exiled abroad, who sought with this decision to escape a violent and intense political persecution by state terrorism, which implied torture, kidnapping and imprisonment for those citizens who did not they shared the proposals that the military regime in power supported.
Spain, France, Mexico, Uruguay They turned out to be some of the places that more Argentine exiles received during those times, finding among them many personalities from culture, politics and art.
In most cases, once the totalitarian regimes that generated exile fell and democratic governments were established, various programs were promoted whose objectives were the repatriation of exiles.
In the case of many artists and intellectuals, exile, even if it was where a very sad and tragic event is analyzed that made them leave their roots and their affections in an untimely way, also meant the openness and knowledge of their artistic works and literary in other parts of the world, especially in the one that opened the doors to reside and continue with their life and work.
Because that is precisely what most of the exiles did, they continued their activities and many of them managed to gain a space of importance in the nation that welcomed them, and the moment they were able to return to their homeland, some did, others did not, but those who returned to their country they always maintained constant contact with the nation that adopted them at such a terrible time in their lives.
But we must also say that just as the homeland that received exiles added talents at the time, the homeland that ordered the exile of intellectuals, artists, researchers, among others, undoubtedly lost a great cultural and scientific heritage at that time, which of course is irreplaceable and irretrievable.
