The term aquifer is used to refer to those geological formations in which water is found and which are permeable, thus allowing the storage of water in underground spaces. The water in the aquifers is not normally at the simple or immediate disposal of the human being since it is underground (except that in some part of its extension it approaches the surface. This is why for the human being to be able to take advantage of this type of excavations and wells must be carried out by water In many cases, the water can be found many meters deep.
Aquifers form naturally when the earth's surface absorbs rainwater. This absorption process occurs because the land on the earth's surface allows water to enter as it is permeable (earth, sand, clay, etc.). Once absorbed, the water forms underground layers until it reaches a non-permeable area in which the composition of the rock is more closed and therefore the water does not pass as easily. Aquifers are then formed by these two layers of water: the confined and the unconfined. Unconfined aquifers are those that can be used by humans through excavations. The water that remains in the confined aquifers is more difficult to access not only because it is at a greater distance but also because the rock is also more difficult to excavate.
As the water is absorbed by the different layers of earth, it slows down and slowly begins to be deposited naturally between the different layers that are made up of different materials. The deeper it is, the slower the water will arrive and, in addition, by counting the areas of confined aquifer with higher pressure, an excavator that reaches this point will make the water gush at the surface with much more violence than in the unconfined aquifer.
