The process of formation of the mountains is called Orogenesis.
In other more everyday words, we could say that orogenesis is the formation or rejuvenation of mountains and ranges as a consequence of the compressive deformation of extensive regions of the continental lithosphere.
After a thickening of the earth's crust, the materials will begin to undergo various tectonic deformations such as folding, shifting of mantles, among others. This process always occurs at the convergent edges of the plate.
The thermal orogenesis It occurs when one plate sinks below another and is called thermal due to the volcanic phenomena that begin to occur as a result of friction between the two plates, while the two modes that are recognized within this are the island arches and fringe mountain ranges.
And on his side, the mechanical orogenesis it will occur when the convergent movement of two plates drags one continental segment against another. It is characterized mainly because the predominant movements are horizontal, of mechanical origin, with little participation of volcanic-type processes. The orogenesis that corresponds to this mechanical type has been the one that has generated the most important relief that planet earth has, made up of the Himalayas and the Tibet Plateau.
The climate and ecology of the earth have suffered enough from the details of orogenesis almost in the same proportion as by the redistribution of continental masses. When large reliefs are erected, atmospheric circulation inevitably changes, winds, humidity and erosion, such as weathering, become more intense.
Too, the set of movements that occurred at a certain time and that gave rise to mountain systems is called orogenesis.
