The term linguistics designates the discipline that deals with the scientific study of the structure of natural languages as well as the knowledge that their own speakers have of them. So, linguistics, like any science, focuses on studying and explaining the laws that govern language, explaining to all of us how languages have worked at a certain point in time, which will also allow us to understand their general functioning.
Present or modern linguistics began to develop in the 19th century, but with the posthumous publication of the Course in General Linguistics, published by one of the greatest scholars of the subject, Ferdinand de Saussure, linguistics will become an independent science but integrated into semiology, with special emphasis on the distinction between language (system) and speech (use) and on the definition of the linguistic sign. Then, already in the 20th century, the renowned linguist Noam chomsky, added a fundamental aspect to the matter, developing what is known as the current of generativism, which proposes a new perspective on the subject, focusing and thinking of language as a process of the speaker's mind and in the innate capacity that we have the individuals that allow us to use and acquire that language.
There are several levels through which a study of the language as a system can be done without leaving anything aside, these are: the phonetic-phonological (it focuses on the study of phonemes and the sounds of speech), morphosyntactic (studies the word, the mechanisms of creation and formation of these, lexical level (studies the words of a language), semantic (studies the meaning of linguistic signs).
Meanwhile, from the point of view of speech, the text will be considered as the superior unit of communication and pragmatics, which is in charge of studying enunciation and enunciation.
