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definition of temperament

Temperament is that combination of acts of intro and extroversion that occur in a person in a unique way and that make up their personality. Intimately related to the psychology of each individual, temperament is genetically acquired and that is why it is also related to all sensations, emotions and understandable feelings on a physical and organic level. Although many times the term 'temperament' is used in the same way as to mean 'character', such a situation is incorrect since the latter is the one that is acquired through learning.

Temperament comes from the Latin word temperamentum, which means measure or portion. Normally, temperament is related to a stratum where instinct takes place, which is why it becomes that portion of our personality that is less conscious and reasonable. The temperament of a person is often presented as a set of sensations, thoughts and impulses that shape the personality and that do not have a completely logical explanation. It is also the product of nervous and endocrine activities that the individual does not know or consciously control. This is why temperament is also related to numerous affective and passionate expressions since they have to do with a purely organic basement.

According to scientific experts in the study of temperament, it has nine main characteristics that serve as categories to classify the different types of temperaments. These nine characteristics are the exercise or energy of a person, the regularity or the predictability of a temperament, the initial reaction or the way a person responds to new spaces instantly, the adaptability or the ability to adjust to change, intensity or the level of positivity or negativity of a temperament, the mood or the tendency towards happiness or unhappiness, the distraction or the tendency to lose concentration, persistence (the opposite of the above) and finally the sensitivity or the possibility that changes or stimuli affect a person's temperament.

The four types of temperament best known and described by Hippocrates and Galen are: the temperament sanguine (unstable and very changeable); melancholic (sad and thoughtful); choleric (of great intensity and impulsiveness) and phlegmatic (hesitant and unsure).

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