The soil, also known as land or parcel, is one of the most important natural resources, along with water and air, that human beings have., since this turns out to be essential for the survival of any species, human, as we just said, but also for animals and plants, because if EVERYONE helps to maintain their productivity with correct and appropriate agricultural practices, the long-awaited balance will be achieved between the production of food that is developed in it and every day. more incessant increase of the population that treads it, in the most literal sense of the word, it is understood right?
Soil It is formed thanks to the combination of five elements, which also interact with each other, such as: parental material, topography, climate, time and living organisms and if their composition is analyzed, we will find four components: mineral matter, organic matter, water and air. The mineral material is represented by small pieces of rocks and minerals of various kinds, gravel, sand, clay and silt being the most important inorganic particles observed in these. Meanwhile, the organic component is given by partially destroyed and resynthesized plants and animal waste. This material of biological origin is part of the recycling processes corresponding to the carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. Thus, organic matter (from both dead and decomposing animals and plants and from the excreta of numerous living beings) becomes integrated into the ground, in what will constitute a definitive source of raw materials for vegetables to synthesize their own food from these components. It is worth noting that the action of the life forms that populate the soil layers (fungi, bacteria, protists, worms, other invertebrates) is essential for a better processing and use of all these products.
On the other hand, water and air are decisive and essential for the maintenance of soils, since, for example, the former is retained in a variable way within the pores of the soil and, together with the dissolved salts, will form what is known as soil solution, which will be the essential nutrition for plants to develop and grow. Air is not a continuous element in the soil, but it is located in the pores as well and its average humidity is much higher than that observed in the atmosphere. In this way, the abiotic factors of the soil will vary in quantity and quality depending on the chemical characteristics of the surface and the climatic factors that shape it, together with erosion.
There is debate among experts in edaphology (the branch of science that studies soils) about the consideration of the seabed and river beds as a strict "ground"Most of them agree that these are surfaces with such distinctive characteristics that they deserve an independent analysis that differentiates them from the terrestrial and air-ground environments that we address in these lines.
Of course, the characteristics of the soil in Argentina will be different from those of the soil in Mexico or Spain. However, scholars of the subject have recognized some of the most important variations and, for example, have come to the conclusion that alfisols (soils rich in iron and aluminum), such is the name of the classification, and molisols (soils of grasslands) are the best soils for agricultural practices. Indeed, the nutritional characteristics of these lands are superior for the proper development of plant species. In general, it is postulated that soils that have volcanic origin (such as the Pampas plains) contain an accentuated number of minerals that favor the growth of all types of vegetables, the proliferation of biotic factors and a better yield in terms of agriculture.
