It is known as muscle shortening to the relative decrease in the length of a muscle.
It manifests as a loss of mobility of the muscle, this may be due to an alteration of the muscle itself or of the membrane that covers it called fascia.
Why does muscle shortening occur?
Muscles can change in size thanks to their ability to contract. Muscle contraction is a process that occurs when muscle fibers move over each other. When a muscle contracts it must in turn slide over the surrounding muscles.
To facilitate this process, the muscular system consists of a series of membranes that cover the muscles and their fibers, this allows them to be isolated or separated from the surrounding structures, facilitating movement.
Muscle involvement. Many times muscle injuries that cause scars or adhesions, either due to trauma or surgery, limit the movement of a part of the muscle, leading to its shortening. Muscles can also be shortened by disorders that cause stiffness or spasticity, which can occur as a sequel to neurological disorders, mainly cerebrovascular accidents and Parkinson's disease.
Involvement of the fascia or muscle envelope. The fasciae are structures made of collagen, which makes them very firm and resistant. These can be injured in the course of trauma or surgery, which can cause a fibrosis process that makes it more rigid. Fascias are also affected by situations such as emotional tension and sustained stress.
Some muscles are more likely to shorten
Some muscles are essential for maintaining posture and balance in normal daily activities such as walking, sitting, or simply standing or standing upright.
These muscles must have some degree of constant contraction, known as muscle tone, which makes them more susceptible to shortening. They include the muscles located in the front of the arms as well as those of the back, buttocks, and back of the thigh and leg.
Muscle shortening can affect performance and health
Muscle shortening compromises the function and normal development of the muscle, leading to less performance and less strength.
Shortened muscles result in accessory muscles being used to perform movements, causing pain in distant areas.
How is muscle shortening treated
The best way to counteract muscle shortening is by implementing a rehabilitation plan.
Stretching and massage techniques are of great help, however they may become necessary for a time since muscle shortening must be handled with caution to avoid injuries such as tears caused by sudden movements.
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