It is known by the term viticulture To that discipline that deals with the study and activity of growing grapes. In other words, in the latter case, viticulture consists of the systematic cultivation of the vine and more precisely of its fruit, the grape, either to be consumed directly or subjected to a fermentation process to produce wine.
It should be noted that there are various ways of developing vine cultivation, the most widely used being: by seed, by stake, by layering and by grafting.
As with a good part of the plants, the humidity, the reception of compliant water and the fertilizers are sine quanom conditions for the satisfactory development, meanwhile, in the case of the vine cultivation the most used irrigation techniques are: by furrow, or failing that by flooding. And on the fertilization side, the most suitable fertilizers for this type would be: potassium, phosphoric acid, magnesium and calcium.
Now, it is important to mention that climatic factors are also fundamental when it comes to favoring or hindering the proper development and growth of the vine. Among the most harmful factors, without a doubt, stand out: frost, strong winds and hail. For example, during the autumn frosts, when the temperature can drop to 2 or 3 degrees below zero, the leaves will dry out, although the clusters will not be affected. However, when we are already in temperatures of 6 degrees below zero, the leaves do dry out and likewise the fruit of the grape tends to lose sugar.
Frost can be faced with various actions at the time it occurs: heating the air by burning fuel or placing plastic barriers; or it can be prevented by not installing vineyards in areas highly exposed to frost.
Wine production is very important in the world economy and in the 1970s it reached its peak. There are many countries that just stand out for the production of wines, among them: Argentina, United States, France, Chile, Spain, Italy, Portugal and Germany, among others.
