science

definition of phylogenetics

The phylogenetics is a term that refers to everything that proper or linked to Phylogeny.

Meanwhile, the phylogeny, whose word has a Greek origin that implies birth, origin or provenance, is the determination of the evolutionary history of organisms.

As a consequence of the kickoff given by Charles Darwin towards the middle of the XIX century the need arose to reveal the history of the evolution of organisms.

It should be noted that the Systematic Biology It is the science that deals with the determination of the phylogeny of organisms in order to use it as the basis of classification systems.

Evolution is a very slow process and in the vast majority of cases no one will ever occur in situ, so what is handled are a series of hypotheses about how the diversification of organisms occurred and that led to the appearance of the organisms. various species.

The reconstruction of the phylogeny of an organism is not something simple at all, the first step of the reconstruction will involve determining how much two organisms resemble each other with regard to morphology, anatomy, embryology, among others, characters that will indicate us at the end of the day the genetic distance between these two organisms and therefore evolution.

The phylogenetic classification, on the other hand, turns out to be a scientific classification of the species that is especially based on the relationships of evolutionary proximity between the different species, from the reconstruction of the history of their diversification, which implies from the origin of life on earth to the present day.

To construct the aforementioned classification, currently, the cladistic method. This highly rigorous method uses the shared derived properties of the organisms under study, yielding tree relationship diagrams called cladograms and that show us the different hypotheses of relationships that were woven from that relationship.

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